Epidemiology and diversity of gastrointestinal tract helminths of wild ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa – A review
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2024-10-30
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This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal
helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109
gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-
Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most
studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes
were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus Trichostrongylus
recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species,
and along with Haemonchus spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen
trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus Paramphistomum
recorded the highest number of species, and Calicophoron calicophoron was the
most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest
number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented
from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. Moniezia spp. were the most commonly distributed in
terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of
nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater
kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three
GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for
trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution
and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.
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gastrointestinal tract helminths, wild ruminants, Sub-Saharan Africa
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Epidemiology and diversity of gastrointestinal tract helminths of wild ruminants in Sub-Saharan Africa – A review
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Abstract
This review summarises studies on distribution, diversity, and prevalence of gastrointestinal
helminth infections in wild ruminants in sub-Saharan Africa. The results showed that 109
gastrointestinal tract (GIT) helminth species or species complexes were recorded in 10 sub-
Saharan African countries. South Africa reported the highest number of species because most
studies were carried out in this country. Eighty-eight nematode species or species complexes
were recorded from 30 wild ruminant species across eight countries. The genus Trichostrongylus
recorded the highest number of species and utilised the highest number of wild ruminant species,
and along with Haemonchus spp., was the most widely distributed geographically. Fifteen
trematode species or species complexes were reported from seven countries. The genus Paramphistomum
recorded the highest number of species, and Calicophoron calicophoron was the
most commonly occurring species in sub-Saharan African countries and infected the highest
number of hosts. Six cestode species or species complexes from one family were documented
from 14 wild hosts in seven countries. Moniezia spp. were the most commonly distributed in
terms of host range and geographically. Impala were infected by the highest number of
nematodes, whilst Nyala were infected by the highest number of trematode species. Greater
kudu and Impala harbored the largest number of cestodes. The prevalence amongst the three
GIT helminths taxa ranged between 1.4% and 100% for nematodes, 0.8% and 100% for
trematodes, and 1.4% and 50% for cestodes. There is still limited information on the distribution
and diversity of GIT helminths in wild ruminants in most sub-Saharan African countries.
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